MARITVS ET VXOR

MARITVS ET VXORHUSBAND AND WIFE

Iulius cum uxore sua in peristylo ambulat. Uxor eius est Aemilia. Iulius maritus Aemiliae est. Maritus et uxor inter columnas et signa ambulant. Tectum peristyli altis columnis sustinetur, inter quas tria pulchra signa stant: unum Iunonis, alterum Cupidinis, tertium Veneris. Iuno et Venus deae sunt. Cupido est filius Veneris et Martis, quamquam Venus Martis coniunx non est, sed alterius dei, cui nomen est Vulcanus. Venus enim mala uxor est, quae alios deos amat praeter coniugem suum Vulcanum. Mars et Vulcanus sunt filii Iunonis et Iovis; Iuno enim coniunx Iovis est. Sed Iuppiter malus maritus est, qui multas alias deas amat praeter Iunonem, coniugem suam. Nemo deorum peior maritus est quam Iuppiter, neque ulla dea peior uxor est quam Venus. Inter omnes deos deasque Iuppiter pessimus maritus est ac Venus pessima uxor.

Matres familias Iunonem invocant, ea enim dea est matronarum. Venerem et Cupidinem invocant amantes, nam Venus et Cupido amorem in cordibus hominum excitare possunt. Cupido enim est deus amoris, et Venus, pulcherrima omnium dearum, dea amoris ac pulchritudinis est. Pulchritudo Veneris ab omnibus laudatur.

Iulius est bonus maritus qui uxorem suam neque ullam aliam feminam amat. Certe Iulius maritus melior quam Iuppiter est! Item Aemilia bona uxor est quae maritum suum neque ullum alium virum amat. Certe Aemilia uxor melior est quam Venus! Aemilia Iulium 'virum optimum' appellat. Item Iulius uxorem suam 'optimam omnium feminarum' vocat.

Iulius et Aemilia sunt parentes trium liberorum: duorum filiorum et unius filiae. Liberi adhuc parvi sunt. Marcus octo annos habet. Quintus est puer septem annorum. Iulia quinque annos habet. Quintus non tantus est quantus Marcus nec tam parvus quam Iulia. Quintus maior est quam Iulia et minor quam Marcus. Maximus liberorum est Marcus, minima est Iulia.

Ante decem annos Iulius pater familias non erat, tunc enim nec uxorem nec liberos habebat. Iulius adulescens viginti duorum annorum erat. Aemilia matrona non erat, sed virgo septendecim annorum, quae Romae apud parentes suos habitabat. Domus eorum non procul aberat ab alia domo, in qua Iulius cum parentibus suis habitabat. Iulius et Aemilia in eadem urbe habitabant, non in eadem domo.

In urbe Roma multae domus sunt et multa templa deorum. In media urbe inter colles Capitolium et Palatium est forum Romanum, quo homines ex tota Italia atque ex omnibus provinciis Romanis conveniunt. In Capitolio est templum Iovis Optimi Maximi; circum forum Romanum sunt alia multa templa deorum. In Palatio sunt domus magnificae. Romae plures homines habitant quam in ulla alia urbe imperii Romani. Urbs Roma plurimos homines et plurimas domos habet. Ariminum, Capua, Ostia magna sunt oppida, sed minora quam Roma. Ostia est oppidum minus quam Roma, sed maius quam Tusculum. Roma urbs maxima atque pulcherrima est totius imperii Romani.

Julius walks in the courtyard with his wife. His wife is Emilia. Julius is Emilia's husband. Husband and wife are walking between the columns and statues. The roof of the courtyard is supported by tall columns, between which stand three beautiful statues: one of Juno, another of Cupid, the third of Venus. Juno and Venus are goddesses. Cupid is the son of Venus and Mars, although Venus is not married to Mars, but to another god, whose name is Vulcan. For Venus is bad wife, who loves other gods besides her husband Vulcan. Mars and Vulcan are the sons of Juno and Jove; for Juno is married to Jove. But Jupiter is a bad husband, who loves many other goddesses besides Juno, his wife. None of the gods is a worse husband than Jupiter, is there a goddess worse than Venus. Among all the gods and goddesses Jupiter is the worst husband and Venus the worst wife.

The families mothers invoke Juno, for she is the goddess of mothers. Venus and Cupid are invoked by lovers, for Venus and Cupid can excite love in the hearts of men. For Cupid is the god of love, and Venus, the most beautiful of all the goddesses, is the goddess of love and beauty. The beauty of Venus is praised by all.

Julius is a good husband who loves his wife and not any other woman. Certainly Julius is a better husband than Jupiter! Likewise Emilia is a good wife who loves her husband and not any other man. Certainly Emilia is a better wife than Venus! Emilia calls Julius 'the very best man.' Likewise Julius calls his wife 'the very best of all women.'

Julius and Emilia are the parents of three children: two sons and one daughter. The children are little now. Marcus is eight years old. Quintus is a boy of seven years. Julia is five years old. Quintus is not as big as Marcus but not as little as Julia. Quintus is bigger than Julia and smaller than Marcus. The biggest of the children is Marcus, the small is Julia.

Ten years before Julius was not the father of a family, for then he had neither wife nor children. Julius was a young man of twenty two years. Emilia was not a mother, but a maiden of seventeen years, who lived in Rome with her parents. Their home was not far away from that home, in which Julius lived with his parents. Julius and Emilia lived in the same city, not in the same house.

The the city of Rome there are many homes and many temples of gods. In the middle of the city between the Capitoline and Palatine hills is the Roman Forum, which men from all of Italy and from other provinces of Rome assemble. On the Capitoline is the temple of Jove the Very Greatest; around the Roman Forum there are many other temples of gods. On the Palatine there are splendid homes. More people live in Rome than in any other cities of the Roman Empire. The city of Rome has many people and many houses. Arminum, Capua, and Ostia are large towns, but smaller than Rome. Ostia is a smaller town than Rome, but larger than Tusculum. The city of Rome is the greatest and most beautiful of the whole Roman Empire.

Pater Iulii, qui iam mortuus est, magnam pecuniam habebat multasque villas magnificas possidebat praeter domum Romanam: is homo dives erat. Pater Aemiliae erat homo pauper, qui unam domum exiguam possidebat. Aemilia igitur virgo pauper erat, sed tamen Iulius eam amabat. Cur Iulius, adulescens dives, virginem pauperem amabat? Quia ea virgo proba ac formosa erat. Nec Iulius amorem suum occultabat, nam Aemiliam 'amicam' appellabat et multa dona ei dabat. Sed tamen Aemilia non Iulium amabat, sed alium virum Romanum. Ergo Iulius miser erat et nocte male dormiebat.

Vir qui ab Aemilia amabatur Crassus Dives nominabatur. Aemilia Crassum amabat, neque vero ab eo amabatur, quod parentes Aemiliae pauperes erant. Itaque ea quoque misera erat.

Aemilia numquam Iulium salutabat, cum eum in foro Romano videbat, quamquam ipsa a Iulio salutabatur. Iulius cotidie epistulas ad Aemiliam scribebat, in quibus pulchritudo eius laudabatur verbis magnificis, ac simul cum epistulis rosas aliosque flores pulcherrimos ad eam mittere solebat. Initio Aemilia epistulas Iulii non legebat nec dona eius accipiebat, sed omnia ad eum remittebat; sed post paucos dies neque epistulae neque flores remittebantur...

Anno post Iulius et Aemilia coniuges erant sub eodem tecto habitantes. Iulius uxorem suam amabat et ab ea amabatur.

Etiam nunc, decem annis post, beati sunt coniuges. Iulius Aemiliam amat et ab ea amatur, neque amor coniugum hodie minor est quam tunc.

Julius's father, who is now dead, had a lot of money and owned many splendid villas besides his Roman home: he was a rich man. Emilia's father was a poor man, who owned only one home. Emilia therefore was a poor maiden, but nevertheless Julius loved her. Why did Julius, a rich young man, love a poor maiden? Because she was a good and beautiful maiden. Julius did not hide his love, for he called Emilia 'girlfriend' and gave many gifts to her. But nevertheless Emilia did not love Julius, but another Roman man. Therefore Julius was unhappy and slept poorly at night.

The man who was loved by Emilia was named Crassus Dives. Emilia loves Crassus, but was not loved by him, because Emilia's parents were poor. Therefore she was also unhappy.

Emilia never greeted Julius when seeing him in the Roman Forum, although she was greeted by Julius. Julius wrote letters to Emilia everyday, in which he praised her beauty with magnificent words, and at the same time was accustomed to send roses and other very beautiful flowers to her with the letters. In the beginning Emilia did not read Julius's letters nor accept his gifts, but returned everything back to him; but after a few days she neither returned the letters nor the flowers.

A year after Julius and Emilia were married they lived under the same roof. Julius loved his wife and was loved by her.

Even now, ten years later, they are blessed spouses. Julius loves Emilia and is loved by her, she is not loved by her husband less today than then.

III

Iulius uxorem osculatur et “O Aemilia” inquit, “mea optima uxor! Decem anni longum est tempus, sed amor meus tempore non minuitur. Ut tunc te amabam, ita etiam nunc te amo.”

Tum Aemilia, quae verbis Iulii delectatur, “O Iuli” inquit, “mi optime vir! Meus amor erga te multo maior est hodie quam tunc! Tempus amorem meum non minuit, immo vere auget!”

Ad hoc Iulius ridens “Ita est ut dicis” inquit, “nam tunc ego te amabam, tu me non amabas! Ego miserrimus eram omnium adulescentium, quod tu numquam me salutabas, cum me videbas, quamquam ego semper te salutabam, cum te videbam. Neque epistulas, quas cotidie tibi scribebam, legebas, neque flores, quos tibi multos mittebam, accipiebas, sed omnes ad me remittebas! Propter amorem nocte vix dormiebam - semper de te cogitabam...”

Aemilia item de illo tempore cogitans “Ego quoque” inquit “tunc miserrima eram. Amabam enim alium virum Romanum, qui me non amabat, quod virgo pauper eram.”

Iulius: “Ille vir pessimus te dignus non erat!”

Aemilia: “Recte dicis, mi Iuli. Tu solus amore meo dignus eras, tu enim me amabas, mihi epistulas scribebas ac flores mittebas, quamquam pecuniam nullam habebam. Certe non propter pecuniam me amabas, Iuli! At nunc te solum nec ullum alium virum amo. Femina beata sum, quod maritum bonum habeo, et quia nos tres liberos habemus et cum magna familia in hac villa magnifica habitamus, quae familia nostra digna est. Hoc peristylum magnificum, hae columnae, hac signa, hi flores - haec omnia cotidie me delectant! O, quam beati hic sumus, Iuli! Quantus est deorum erga nos amor!”

Iulius: “Est ut dicis, Aemilia. Decem annis ante apud parentes nostros habitabamus. Tu et parentes tui pauperes eratis, in exigua domo habitabatis nec ullam villam habebatis, sed tamen ego te amabam...”

Aemilia: “Quare ego, virgo pauperrima, a te, adulescente divitissimo, amabar?”

Iulius iterum Aemiliam osculans “Tu a me amabaris” inquit, “quod pulcherrima eras omnium virginum Romanarum , prope tam pulchra quam ipsa Venus!”

Aemilia: “Num hodie minus pulchra sum quam tunc eram?”

Iulius faciem uxoris intuens “Certe” inquit “matrona tam pulchra es quam virgo eras, mea Aemilia. Omnes pulchritudinem tuam laudant.” Tum vero formam eius spectans: “At minus gracilis es quam tunc: eo enim tempore gracilior eras quam hoc signum Veneris.”

Aemilia signum Veneris aspicit, cuius corpus gracilius ac minus est quam ipsius. “Certe tam gracilis hodie non sum” inquit, “sed quare me crassiorem fieri putas?”

Iulius ridens respondet: “Quia nunc cibum meliorem es quam tunc edebas!”

Aemilia: “Id quod nunc edo nec melius nec peius est quam quod apud parentes meos edebam.”

Iulius: “Ergo plus es quam tunc, Aemilia.”

Postremo Aemilia “Certe plus edo quam solebam” inquit, “sed nec plus nec minus quam opus est. Nimis stultus vir es, Iuli! Nonne intellegis non modo amorem nostrum, sed etiam familiam tempore augeri? Num opus est me plus dicere?”

Amor donum est Veneris. Liberi dona Iunonis sunt.

Julius kisses his wife and says, "O Emilia my best wife! Ten years is a long time, but time has not reduced my love. Like then I loved you, thus even now I love you."

Then Emilia, delighted by Julius's words says, "O Julius, my best man! My love toward you is much greater today than then! The time has not lessened my love, on the contrary it is made greater!"

Now Julius laughing says, "Thus it is as you say, for then I loved you, but you did not love me! I was the saddest of all young men, because you never greeted me when you saw me, although I always greeted you when I saw you. And you did not read the letters, which I wrote to you every day, nor accept the many flowers which I sent to you, but sent back everything to me! On account of love I barely slept at night - I was always thinking of you..."

Likewise Emilia thinking of that time saying, "I was also very unhappy then. For I loved another Roman man, who did not love me, because I was a poor maiden."

Julius: "That wicked man was not worthy of you!"

Emilia: "You speak correctly my Julius. You alone were worthy of my love, for you loved me, you wrote letters to me and sent me flowers, although I had no money. Certainly it was not for money that you loved me Julius! But now I love you alone and not any other man. I am a blessed woman, because I have a good husband, and because we have our three children and live in this magnificent with a great family, which is a family worthy of us. This magnificent courtyard, these columns, these statues, these flowers - all of these things delight me everyday! O how blessed we are Julius! How great is the love of the gods toward us!"

Julius: "It is as you say Emilia. Ten years before we lived with our parents. You and your parents were poor, living in a small house but did not live in any villa, but nevertheless I loved you...."

Emilia: "Why was I, a poor maiden, loved by you, a wealthy young man?"

Julius kissing Emilia again says, "You were loved by men because you were the most beautiful of all Roman maidens, almost as beautiful as Venus herself!"

Emilia: "Surely I am not less beautiful today than I was then am I?"

Julius looking at his wife's face says. "Certainly you are as beautiful as mother as you were a maiden, my Emilia. Everyone praises your beauty." But them looking at her figure: "But you are less slender than then: for you were at that time as slender as this statue of Venus."

Emilia looks at the statue of Venus, whose body is more slender and smaller than hers. She says, "Certainly I am not as slender today but why do you think me to be fatter?"

Julius laughing answers: "Because now you eat better food than then!"

Emilia: "That which I eat now is neither better nor worse than that which I ate with my parents."

Julius: "Therefore you eat more than then Amelia."

Finally Emilia says, "Certainly I eat more than I am accustomed to, but it is neither more nor less than is needed. You are too a stupid man Julius! Do you not know that not only our love but also our family is increasing with time? Surely it is not necessary for me to say more is it?"

Love is the gift of Venus. Children are the gifts of Juno.

GRAMMATICA LATINA

Verbi tempora

Tempus praesens et praeteritum

Tempus praesens (nunc): Mane est. Sol lucet. Omnes vigilant, nemo dormit. Aves canunt.

Tempus praeteritum (tunc): Ante tres horas nox erat. Stellae hlcebant, sol non Iucebat. Nemo vigilabat, omnes dormiebant. Aves non canebant.

Praeteritum (pers. III): singularis -bat -ebat, pluralis -bant -ebant.

Praeteritum

[A] Activum.

Ante viginti annos Iulius discipulus tam improbus erat quam Marcus nunc est: in ludo dormiebat, male computabat, foede scribebat, neque magistro suo parebat.

Marcus: "Num tu melior discipulus eras, pater, quam ego sum? Nonne tu in ludo dormiebas? Num semper magistro parebas, bene computabas et pulchre scribebas?" Iulius: "Ego numquam in ludo dormiebam, semper magistro parebam, bene computabam et pulchre scribebam! Certe ego discipulus multo melior eram quam tu nunc es!"

Quintus: "Quid? Num vos meliores discipuli eratis quam nos sumus? Nonne vos in ludo dormiebatis? Num semper magistro parebatis, bene computabatis et pulchre scribebatis?" Iulius: "Nos numquam in ludo dormiebamus, semper magistro parebamus, bene computabamus et pulchre scribebamus! Certe nos discipuli multo meliores eramus quam vos nunc estis!"

Iulius verum non dicit: ante viginti annos discipuli tam mali erant quam nunc sunt: in ludo dormiebant, male computabant, foede scribebant, neque magistro suo parebant!

	Sing.	Plur.	Sing.	Plur.
Persona prima	-bam	-bamus	-ebam	-ebamus
Persona secunda	-bas	-batis	-ebas	-ebatis
Persona tertia	-bat	-bant	-ebat	-ebant

[B] Passivum.

Iulius magistrum suum non timebat, sed ipse a magistro timebatur! ltaque non reprehendebatur nec puniebatur, sed laudabatur a magistro.

Marcus: “Num tu semper a magistro tuo laudibaris? Nonne reprehendebaris ac puniebaris?” Iulius: “Ego a magistro meo saepe laudabar, numquam reprehendebar aut puniebar. Ego magistrum non timebam, sed ipse ab eo timebar!” Marcus: “Tune a magistro timebaris?” Iulius: Nos omnes a magistro timebamur. Itaque non reprehendebamur nec puniebamur, sed semper laudabamur!” Marcus: “Non verum dicis! Vos non timebamini a magistro nec semper laudabamint, sed reprehendebamini ac puniebamini!”

In illo ludo discipuli a magistro timebantur! ltaque non reprehendebantur nec puniebantur, sed semper laudabantur.

LATIN GRAMMAR

The time of a verb

The time of present and past

The present time (now): It is morning. The Sun is shining. Everyone is awake, no one is sleeping. Birds are singing.

The past time (then): Night was three hours before, the Sun was not shining. No one was awake, everyone was sleeping. The birds were not singing.

Past (pers. 3): singular -bat -ebat, plural -bant -ebant.

Past

[A] Active.

Examples: [1] calculate: was calculating; [2] obey: was obeying; [3] writing: was writing; [4] sleeping: was sleeping.

Twenty years before Julius was as bad as Marcus is now: he slepts in school, he calculated poorly, he wrote ugly, he did not obey his teacher.

Marcus: "Surely you weren't a better student than I am? Did you not sleep in school? Surely you didn't always obery the teacher, calculate well and write beautifully did you?" Iulius: "I never slept in school, I always obeyed the teacher, I counted well and wrote beautifully! Certainly I was a much better student than you are now!"

Quintus: "What? Surely you were not better students than we are? Did you not sleep in school? Surely you didn't always obey your teacher, calculate well and write beautifully did you?" Julius: "We never slept in school, we always obeyed the teacher, calculated well and wrote beautifully! Certainly we were much better students than you are now!"

Julius does not speak the truth: twenty years before they were as bad of students as they are now: they slept in school, they calculated poorly, they wrote ugly, they did not obey their teacher!

	Sing.	Plur.	Sing.	Plur.
Persona prima	-bam	-bamus	-ebam	-ebamus
Persona secunda	-bas	-batis	-ebas	-ebatis
Persona tertia	-bat	-bant	-ebat	-ebant

[B] Passive

Julius did not fear his teacher, but was feared himself by his teacher! Therefore he was neither rebuked nor punished, but was praised by the teacher.

Marcus: "Surely you were always praised by your teacher weren't you? Were you not rebuked and punished?" Julius: "I was often praised by my teacher, never rebuked or punished. I did not fear the teacher, but myself was feared by him!" Marcus: "Were you feared by the teacher?" Julius: "We were all feared by the teacher. Therefore we were neither rebuked nor punished, but were always praised!" Marcus: "You don't speak the truth! We were neither feared by the teacher nor were we always praised, but we were rebuked and punished!"

In that school students were feared by the teacher! Therefore they were neither rebuked nor punished, but always praised.

VOCABVLA

uxor, uxoris f.
maritus, i m.
columna, ae f.
signum, i n.
tectum, i n.
dea, ae f.
conjunx, conjugis c.
matrona, ae f.
amor, amoris m.
pulchritudo, pulchritudinis f.
virgo, virginis f.
domus, domi f.
templum, templi n.
forum, fori n.
donum, doni n.
flos, floris m.
melior
peior
optimus
pessimus
maior
minor
maximus
minimus
magnificus
plures
plurimi
dives
pauper
miser
beatus
dignus
gracilis
convenio, -ire, -veni, -ventus
possideo, -sidere, -sedi, -sessus
mitto, mittere, misi, missus
remitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus
osculor, osculari, osculatus sum
minuo, minuere, minui, minutus
augeo, augere, auxi, auctus
opus esse
mi
ullus
tamen
cotidie
minus
plus
erga
praesens
praeteritum

VOCABULARY

wife
husband
column
statue
roof
goddess
husband/wife
wife
love
beauty
maiden, young woman
house, home
temple
forum, market
gift, present
flower
better
worse
best
worst
bigger, greater
smaller, lesser
biggest, greatest
smallest, least
splendid
more
very many
rich
poor
poor, unhappy
happy
worthy
slender
to fit, to agree, to meet
to seize, to hold
to send, to throw
to send back
to kiss
to lessen, to reduce
to increase, to enlarge
it is useful, beneficial
my, mine
any
yet, nevertheless, still
daily
less
more
towards, opposite
present, at hand
past